Chapter-05: Innovations and Emerging Technologies in Post-Harvest Management

Post harvest losses of horticultural commodities represent a major global challenge to global food security, agricultural sustainability and economic development. It accounting for approximately 30-40% losses in fruits and vegetables due to inadequate handling, storage, transportation and supply chain inefficiencies. Rapid urbanization, climate change, globalization of food systems and increasing consumer demand for safe and high-quality fresh produce have intensified the need for innovative and sustainable post-harvest management technologies. Recent innovations in post-harvest technology are transforming conventional preservation and storage system in to intelligent, automated and environmentally sustainable management frameworks. Emerging technologies such as smart cold storage, internet of things (IOT)- based monitoring, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, nanotechnology, block chain- enabled traceability, bio-preservatives, active and intelligent packaging and gene editing technologies are revolutionizing the handling and storage of perishable commodities. Nanomaterials and nano-coating improve antimicrobial protection and shelf-life extension and microbial control, while biotechnology and gene-editing approaches, including CRISPR mediated interventions enable delayed ripening, enhance stress tolerance and improved post-harvest quality in horticultural crops. Furthermore, the integration of AI, machine learning, and blockchain technology enhances real-time monitoring, traceability, inventory management and decision-making throughout the post-harvest supply chain. Despite these advancements, several challenges including high implementation costs, technological accessibility, regulatory concerns, consumer acceptance and infrastructure limitations continue to hinder widespread adoption, especially in developing countries. This chapter critically discusses recent innovations and emerging technologies in post-harvest management their applications, benefits, limitations and future research trends, highlighting their potential to reducing post-harvest losses, improving food quality and safety, enhancing sustainability and strengthening global food and nutritional security.